Other Research

The semicircular canals, found in the inner ear of all jawed vertebrates, are a significant functional component of the sense of balance, providing sensory feedback when the head is rotated. The morphology of these canals has been shown to have strong...

Modern horses (family Equidae) are represented by just one large-bodied and single-toed genus, yet their earliest ancestors were dog-sized animals with three or four toes on each foot. Reducing the number of toes, or digit reduction, can be found in...

Modern birds have extremely flexible necks that they use for a variety of behaviors, including feeding and preening. How did this flexible neck evolve? What joint motions are used to achieve complicated neck poses? How does the musculoskeletal system work...